Tajikistan

Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It covers an area of ​​143,100 km2 (55,300 square miles) and has an estimated population of 9,537,645. The largest city in the capital is Dushanbe. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. The traditional hometowns of the Tajiks include not only what is now Tajikistan, but also parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

The territories that now make up Tajikistan were formerly home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, and later people of various beliefs and cultures, including the Oxus Valley civilization and Andronovo culture. It was the hometown of a kingdom dominated by. Buddhism, Neolithic Christianity, Hinduism, Zoro Astrianism, Manichaism, Islam. The region has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, Sassanid, Hephthalite, Samanid, and Mongol empires. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and the Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The area was later conquered by the Russian Empire and then by the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the modern borders of the country were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929.

The collapse of the Soviet Union on September 9, 1991 made Tajikistan an independent sovereign state. Immediately after independence, the civil war continued from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, the country's economy has grown with newly established political stability and foreign aid. The country has been authoritarian since 1994 due to widespread corruption and human rights violations, including torture, arbitrary imprisonment, worsening political repression, lack of religious freedom and other civil liberties. It has been led by the governing President Emomari Rafmon.

Tajikistan is a four-state presidential republic. Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group, which speaks the first official language, Tajik. Russian is used as the official interethnic language. Although the nation is constitutionally secular, Islam is practiced by 98% of the population. Despite its small population, Gornobadakshan has a variety of languages ​​in which Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transition economy that relies heavily on remittances, aluminum and cotton production. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATOPfP partner.