Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh, a state in South Asia. It is the eighth most populous country in the world with a population of over 163 million in an area of ​​148,560 square kilometers (57,360 sq mi), making it one of the most populous countries in the world. Bangladesh borders  Bangladesh's large Muslim population makes it the third largest. Muslim-majority country. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the economic, political and cultural center of the country. Chittagong, the largest seaport, is the second largest city.

Bangladesh makes up a large and eastern part of Bengal. According to the ancient Indian texts Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Kingdom of Wanga, one of the namesakes of Bengal, was a strong naval power. During the ancient and classical periods of the Indian subcontinent, this area was home to many principalities, including Pundra, Gangaridai, Gouda, Samatata and Harikela. It was also the province of Maurya during the reign of Ashoka. The principalities were known for their overseas trade, contacts with the Roman world, the export of fine muslin and silk to the Middle East, and the spread of philosophy and art in Southeast Asia. The Gupta Empire, Pala Empire, Chandra Dynasty and Sena Dynasty were the last pre-Islamic middle kingdoms of Bengal. Islam was introduced during the Pala Empire as a result of trade with the Abbasid caliphate, but after the conquests of the Gurids led by Bakhtiyar Khalji, the founding of the Delhi Sultanate and the preaching of Shah Jalal in the northeast, it spread throughout the region. In 1576, the wealthy Bengal Sultanate was annexed to the Mughal Empire, but his rule was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. Mughal Bengal, which accounted for 12% of world GDP (late 17th century), reflected proto-industrialization, showed signs of a possible industrial revolution, established relations with the Dutch and English East India Company, and became the backbone of the Anglo-Mughal war. After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir and Governor Shaist Khan in the early 1700s, the region became a semi-independent state under the rule of the Nawabs of Bengal. Siraj ud-Daula, the last Nawab of Bengal, was defeated by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plessis in 1757, and the entire region fell under the company's rule by 1793.

Following the decline of the presidency of British Bengal, the borders of modern Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal in August 1947 during the partition of India, when the region became East Pakistan within the newly formed Dominion of Pakistan. Later, the growth of the pro-democracy movement flourished on Bengali nationalism and self-determination, leading to the War of Independence and eventually leading to the transformation of Bangladesh into a sovereign and independent state in 1971.

Bangladesh is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional republic with Westminster government. The country is divided into eight administrative divisions and 64 districts. The constitution declares Bangladesh a secular state and Islam the state religion. 

As a middle power in global politics, Bangladesh is one of the emerging and leading economies in the world, as well as one of the next eleven countries with the highest real GDP growth rates in Asia. Bangladesh's economy is ranked 39th in the world in terms of nominal GDP and 29th in terms of PPP.